C.S. Lewis and the forbidden fruits of fiction
This entry was posted on Thursday, April 02. 2009 and is filed under Book Discussion,Posts by E. Stephen Burnett,Theology,Fantasy,Literary Controversies.
For a month I have not written here, being occupied once
again by real-world concerns such as work, writing and wedding planning. Sometime
soon, I will return to my thoughts on The
Voyage of the Dawn Treader film, which is now scheduled to release on
Yet for now, and after reading more of C.S. Lewis’s
wonderful second story of his Space Trilogy, I would love to share my thoughts
about storytelling, good or bad, and its basis in God’s truth.
In Perelandra,
Dr. Elwin Ransom is taken by angels to the planet Venus. There he finds a
watery paradise with fantastic floating islands and creatures, and a woman who
is apparently the Eve of her world, innocent and without sin. But after a
former acquaintance of Ransom’s, Professor Weston, also lands on that world,
Ransom finds the man has actually given over his mind to what he claims is the
“Life-Force” of the universe. His goal, possessed by this evil spirit — likely
the devil — is to tempt the sinless woman to rebel against Maleldil — God.
For years I have found this story and its debates between
Dr. Ransom, the “Un-Man” and the innocent woman to be among the most
fascinating of C.S. Lewis’s literature. And the following section, in which the
Un-Man suggests the woman can think of a “story” in which she disobeys her
Creator, is especially relevant to writers and readers of speculative fiction.
So now I present it here, with thoughts and questions . . .
“I am wondering,” said the
woman’s voice, “whether all the people of your world have the habit of talking
about the same thing more than once. I have said already that we are forbidden
to dwell on the
“Because this forbidding is such
a strange one,” said the Man’s voice. “And so unlike the ways of Maleldil in my
world. And He has not forbidden you to think about dwelling on the
“That would be a strange thing —
to think about what will never happen.”
“Nay, in our world we do it all
the time. We put words together to mean things that have never happened and
places that never were: beautiful words, well put together. And then tell them
to one another. We call is stories or poetry. In that old world you speak of,
Malacandra, they did the same. It is for mirth and wonder and wisdom.”
This is the beauty of Lewis’s portrayal of this
Devil-possessed figure. So much actual truth is mixed into what he says that
you almost see the logic of it. But I ask myself, is this really the point of
all stories about worlds that never exist — or should it be? Are they really
the same as deceiving ourselves, or others? I’m trying to recall if I’ve ever
met one of those Christians (they were more common in the past, I believe) who
thought any story was the same as a lie.
[. . .]
“But you remember we are not to
live on the
“No, but He has never forbidden
you to think about it. Might not that be one of the reasons why you are
forbidden to do it—so that you may have a Might Be to think about, to make
Story about as we call it?”
Many Christians, either creators or partakers of stories
whether in films or books, think similarly. We can pretend that there are other
worlds, story-worlds, in which God behaves differently or is different from
what Scripture says is truth.
The Shack, for
example, portrays a “God” who manifests as two women and a man. Far from its
author’s vision is any God of holiness
either. And closer to orthodox Christianity, Frank Peretti wrote spiritual-warfare
novels in which demons often act in ways never seen in Scripture. Peretti later
said he became bothered about people taking it all literally, and changed
direction.
So how far can God’s people go in their works of art,
especially speculative fiction in which more liberties are often taken? Can we
change a spiritual law, such as God’s nature or the reality of sin, as easily
as we make up creatures or bend physics with science-fiction devices?
Can we do this while making sure readers know the truth? Can
this be glorifying to God?
[. . .] “It is
not from the making a story that I shrink back, O Stranger,” she answered, “but
from this one story that you have put into my head. I can make myself stories
about my children or the King [her
husband]. I can make it that the fish fly and the land beasts swim. But if
I try to make the story about living on the
Here I believe Lewis himself, one of the greatest
storytellers ever to bless Christendom, incidentally gives us a three-part
solution to these storytelling questions (in addition to Perelandra’s central narrative of the battle for innocence in a new
creation):
- Can
we write a story in which God has changed His commands, perhaps for
another world? If so, will this confuse readers about what His truths are
in this world?
- Can
we write a story in which a character lives in a way against His
standards? If so, can this also be shown to be the disobedience that it
is, perhaps not always with a character changing his/her ways but at least
with consequences for the lie being shown?
- What
is the point or pleasure in writing a story in which God works
differently, or an element defies or ignores his standards?
As a writer who wants to glorify God and portray His old truths in new ways to readers —
including myself! — I hope never to stray from the clear teachings of
Scripture. But if I do speculate, such as what we’ll find on the New Earth, I
hope that is always clearly shown.
What do you think? How we achieve this Biblical balance?
Comments
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Thursday, April 02. 2009
Daniel Smith wrote:
Indeed. An excellent post and excellent questions. I often wondered why Peretti stopped writing in the same style and you have answered that. There is an aspect of his writing that I wanted to emulate in my own stories, but I realized the dangers of it. I have yet to figure out exactly how to implement it. Now I know why.
Thanks for sharing. I look forward to your next post.
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Thursday, April 02. 2009
E. Stephen Burnett wrote:
Thanks Daniel, and the source for Peretti not continuing the Darkness novels and why is a 1999 World magazine article in which Gene Edward Veith interviewed Frank Peretti.
Especially compared to things like The Shack, Peretti was very safely orthodox (along with those Left Behind guys and others). Still, and often with the authors' clear disclaimers, people decided that their speculation about demonic operations (or end-times events) simply must be The Way It Really Is.
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Thursday, April 02. 2009
E. Stephen Burnett wrote:
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Sunday, April 05. 2009
Kaci wrote:
May I cite you on my blog?
Reply to this-
Thursday, April 09. 2009
E. Stephen Burnett wrote:
By blog "netiquette," citing is definitely acceptable. Thank you!
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Thursday, April 09. 2009
E. Stephen Burnett wrote:
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Monday, April 06. 2009
Rebecca LuElla Miller wrote:
Can we write a story in which God has changed His commands, perhaps for another world? If so, will this confuse readers about what His truths are in this world?
Stephen, it seems to me the Eve character is making it plain that the God figure would not change the command He gave then. In other words, I don't think the command is at issue but the changing of it. God's commands stand because His word is fixed in Heaven, and this character is making that point.
So I think a fantasy writer could create a world where a god figure told the people in the garden to EAT the fruit of the tree rather than refrain from eating.
But there's a limit. If in the story God is God, and the garden is Eden and the people are Adam and Eve, then we're dealing with history and the rules of historical fiction need to be applied.
Can we write a story in which a character lives in a way against His standards? If so, can this also be shown to be the disobedience that it is, perhaps not always with a character changing his/her ways but at least with consequences for the lie being shown?
I think this is at the heart of most fiction today. We write stories that show conflict between what a person believes and what he does or what he believes and what others believe. And yes, there are consequences that must result.
What is the point or pleasure in writing a story in which God works differently, or an element defies or ignores his standards?
I'm not sure I understand this. In the Eve character's view, living in a world against God's command was the dark and imagining such a world held no pleasure. We in fact DO live in a world brought into being by Man going against God's command. And it is dark. And in imagining it, there isn't a lot of pleasure, which is why the majority of people like stories with happy endings. Stories that enable readers to imagine happy endings give hope and for the believer, a reminder, that what is now has a point and purpose and a determined end.
Becky
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Monday, April 13. 2009
Martin LaBar wrote:
Thank you so much for this essay. I was challenged enough by the subject, and your presentation of it, that I have attempted a response.
Thanks again!
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